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Tonight we will be looking at Number 6 Group and the Canadian Squadrons that made up BOMBER COMMAND

HISTORY OF BOMBER COMMAND

During WWII, more than a million men and women served, or supported, Bomber Command. Originating in 60 nations across the world, they were united in their efforts to protect the freedom we enjoy today. The service included Aircrew, Ground Crew, Women’s Auxiliary Air Force, Auxiliary Air Transport, Auxiliary Transport Services, NAAFI and others.

The majority came from the UK and the Commonwealth, with the remainder from countries as diverse as Peru and Germany (many escaping from the Nazi regime), as well as other European refugees. Their service and sacrifices are remembered in the exhibition.

Of the 125,000 Aircrew who served, 72% were killed, seriously injured or taken Prisoner of War. More than 44% were killed whilst serving, giving the highest rate of attrition of any Allied unit. Each man was a volunteer, and their average age of death was only 23.
The efforts of the RAF Bomber Command significantly changed the outcome of WWII.

 
Their bombing sorties did great damage to the Axis powers industrial capacity. So concerned were the Axis powers about Bomber Command’s capabilities that they permanently stationed more than 1,000 Luftwaffe aircraft for the purpose of fighting the bombers as well as more than 30,000 artillery pieces.
A million men and women supported Bomber Command on the ground.  Their tasks included engineering, scientific developments, the loading of bombs, air traffic control, plotting, map creation and a myriad of other essential roles.  They too suffered losses and are memorialised on the IBCC Walls of Names.
Bomber Command developed and pioneered new technologies that together with Allied contributions of both men and material allowed a huge expansion of bombing operations after 1942, contributing to the eventual victory in Europe.

It was Bomber Command that delivered the world’s first airborne humanitarian mission, Operation Manna, delivering over 7,000 tons of food parcels in 10 days over the west of Holland, where one million people were registered as starving.  They also acted as a vital element to Operation Exodus that saw the repatriation of over 70,000 POW’s from internment camps across Europe.

In addition, they proved vital to the boosting of the morale of the Allies.

It is impossible to say enough about what these brave men and women achieved during the war or the price they paid for it. We owe it to them, and to ourselves, to remember them and their stories.

Recognition must also be given to the civilians who suffered as a result of the Command’s campaigns.

The Walls of Names carry the names of almost 58,000 men and women who lost their lives whilst serving Bomber Command, the only place in the world where you can bear witness to the sacrifices of this unit. This figure is higher than the number of people serving in today’s RAF.

Since its inception, the International Bomber Command Centre has been working with veterans. Thanks to their astounding level of support, their stories have been recorded, and their documents and photos preserved.

We Respect the work of the International Bomber Command Centre and everything they do but we have said come across information that is wrong and also does not make sense if you cross Reference some information we also know that some information has been hold back  that they will not allow you to see.

We also know that if you ask for your family information they is a fee of £50+ per item and a cost of postage they will also ask you for information you may not hold of have like a number the station etc not everyone has that. If you would like to have a look please go to https://www.gov.uk/get-copy-military-service-records

KEY FACTS...

* Almost a million men and women served or supported Bomber Command during WWII
* Over 55,500 men from Bomber Command died in the skies over Europe
* Only 30% of those that flew reached the end of WWII without being killed, injured or taken Prisoner of War
* Bomber Command crews came from over 60 different countries
* Every member was a volunteer
* The average age at death was 23 (we know that this was younger around the age of 13)

FAMOUS OPERATIONS...
* Battle of Britain
* Operation Chastise – Dambusters
* Operation Taxable – D-Day support
* Sinking of the Tirpitz
* The Augsberg Raid
* Operation Manna – the world’s first airborne humanitarian mission
* Operation Exodus – the repatriation of over 70,000 POWs


Tonight we will be looking at No. 6 Group and the Canadian Squadrons

Three thousand miles across a hunted ocean they came, wearing on the shoulder of their tunics the treasured name, “Canada,” telling the world their origin. Young men and women they were, some still in their teens, fashioned by their Maker to love, not to kill, but proud and earnest in their mission to stand, and if it had to be, to die, for their country and for freedom.

One day, when the history of the twentieth century is finally written, it will be recorded that when human society stood at the crossroads and civilization itself was under siege, the Royal Canadian Air Force was there to fill the breach and help give humanity the victory. And all those who had a part in it will have left to posterity a legacy of honour, of courage, and of valour that time can never despoil.

-from a speech by Father J.P. Lardie, Chaplain 419, 428 Squadron at the dedication of the RCAF Memorial at Middleton St. George, 15 June, 1985

Although hundreds of Canadians were serving with Bomber Command in the Royal Air Force at the outbreak of war, the Canadian involvement was one that grew as the war progressed. Through the training of large numbers of aircrew in Canada by the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, the number of Canadians serving in all aspects of the air war increased dramatically and members of the Royal Canadian Air Force played a major role. Many members of the RCAF served in Royal Air Force squadrons.
One third of all Bomber Command aircrew were Canadians.

In October of 1942, No.6 Group of Bomber Command was created to be completely manned by Canadian officers and men and at the end of the war it had grown to fourteen squadrons. No. 405 Squadron RCAF finished the war serving with No. 8 Group RAF, the Pathfinder Force.

The Canadian effort reached its peak in 1944 when 25,353 sorties were flown. In total, No. 6 Group flew a total of 40,822 sorties during the war. 271,981 hours were flown, a total of 126,122 tons of bombs were dropped and 814 aircraft lost. Eight thousand decorations for bravery were awarded to No. 6 Group aircrew.

Canadian aircrew veterans remember their efforts with great pride as expressed by Jerry Fultz, “I had the honour and pleasu

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 






 

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Canadian Bomber Command Losses Statistics

The Museum’s Best Estimate for the Number of Canadians Killed While Serving with Bomber Command is 10,250.

RCAF (Overseas) Bomber Casualties by Aircraft Type [Hugh Halliday Statistics]

  • Halifax 3675 (32.8 %);

  • Lancaster 3349 (29.9 %);

  • Wellington 2586 (23.1 %);

  • Stirling 523 (4.7 %);

  • Whitley 280 (2.5 %);

  • Mosquito 259 (2.3 %);

  • Blenheim 127 (1.1 %);

  • Manchester 123 (1.1 %)

  • Hampden 296 (2.7 %);

Total: 11,218

These numbers include non-Bomber Command operations and aircraft such as the Mosquito and Blenheim in non-bomber variants.

These numbers include 379 Americans who were serving in the RCAF.

These numbers do not include Canadians in the RAF.

RCAF Airmen killed in RCAF Squadrons by Aircraft Type [Hugh Halliday Statistics]

  • Halifax 2407 (57.4 %); 

  • Hampden 92 (2.2 %);

  •  Lancaster 985 (23.5 %);

  •  Wellington 707 (16.9 %);

Total: 4191

Bomber Command Training Units, RCAF Squadrons, and RAF Squadrons [BCMC Statistics] 

  • 1498 (14.0 %) Canadians and other RCAF killed training at Bomber Command OTU’s and HCU’s.

  • 4255 (39.9 %) Canadians and other RCAF killed on RCAF Bomber Command Squadrons.

  • 4906 (46.0 %) Canadians and other RCAF killed on RAF Bomber Command Squadrons.

Bomber Command Casualties by Year [BCMC Statistics]

  • 1939 -10 (0.1 %) Canadians and other RCAF killed.

  • 1940 -73 (0.6 %) Canadians and other RCAF killed.

  • 1941 -532 (5.0 %) Canadians and other RCAF killed.

  • 1942 -1809 (17.0 %) Canadians and other RCAF killed.

  • 1943 -3031 (28.4 %) Canadians and other RCAF killed.

  • 1944 -4081 (38.3 %) Canadians and other RCAF killed.

  • 1945 -1121 (10.5 %) Canadians and other RCAF killed.

Visit Canada’s Bomber Command Virtual Memorial to search for individual names, squadrons, and dates.

 

No. 405 (Vancouver) Squadron

Commanding Officers

S/L D. G. Tomlinson: 23 April 1941 – May 1941
W/C P. A. Gilchrist: May 1941 – July 1941
S/L W. B. Keddy: July 1941 – August 1941
W/C R. M. Fenwick-Wilson: August 1941 – February 1942
W/C J. E. Fauquier: February 1942 – August 1942
W/C L. D. G. Fraser: August 1942 – December 1942
W/C A. C. Clayton: December 1942 – April 1943
W/C R. J. Lane: January 1944 – August 1944
W/C C. Palmer: August 1944 – September 1944
W/C H. A. Morrison: September 1944 – October 1944
G/C W. E. M. Newson: October 1944 – September 1945
W/C L. L. MacKinnon: September 1945 – Disbanding

Ten weeks after forming at Driffield on 23rd April, 1941, 405 Squadron completed their first bombing operation on a railway marshalling yard in Germany. Within the same month the squadron was relocated to Pocklington. The squadron was originally outfitted with Wellingtons, but was converted to Halifax bombers in 1942 in time to participate in the historic 1000 bomber raid to Cologne. For a brief time 405 Squadron assisted Coastal Command in North Africa before returning to No. 6 (RCAF) Group. Shortly thereafter, the squadron joined and remained in No. 8 (Pathfinder) Group until the end of the war. Towards the conclusion of the war 405 Squadron was equipped with Lancasters, being the first unit to operate the Canadian-built Lancaster X. The very first Canadian Lancaster was nicknamed The Ruhr Express, and served two operations with this squadron.

Over the course of operations 405 Squadron was also stationed at Topcliffe, Beaulieu, Leeming, Gransden Lodge and Linton-on-Ouse. Any aircraft belonging to this squadron was marked with a serial number beginning with “LQ.”

The crest for No. 405 Squadron displays an eagle holding a sprig of maple in its beak, with the motto “Ducimus” (“We lead”) written below. The motto represents how this squadron took a leading role by forming the first RCAF Squadron overseas and serving as the sole RCAF Pathfinder unit.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

No. 408 (Goose) Squadron

Commanding Officers

W/C W. Ferris: 1 January 1943 – 27 October 1943
W/C A. Mair: 28 October 1943 – 26 November 1943
(KIA)W/C D. Jacobs: 7 November 1943 – 22 May 1944
(KIA)W/C R. McLernon: 24 May 1944 – 13 October 1944
W/C J. Easton: 14 October 1944 – 25 November 1944
W/C F. Sharp: 26 November 1944 – 5 September 1945

Hampdens were the primary aircraft operated by 408 Squadron at the beginning of the war. The Squadron was formed at Lindholme on 24th June, 1941, and flew its first operational mission over Rotterdam to bomb the docks. Under the squadron crest featuring a Canadian goose, the motto reads “For Freedom.” 408 Squadron took part in the first 1000 bomber raid on Germany, participated in many operations against naval and industrial targets, and was a notable force in various Gardening (mine laying) missions. During the Second World War, crew from 408 Squadron flew 4610 sorties, dropped/laid “well over 10,000 tons of bombs and mines,” and earned more than 210 awards including 160 Distinguished Flying Crosses and over 30 Distinguished Flying Medals.

The squadron used Hampden aircraft and later switched to the Halifax while they were stationed at Lindholme, Syerston, Balderton, and Leeming. Aircraft in this unit were marked with an “EQ.” When they were transfer to Linton-on-Ouse, 408 Squadron was outfitted with Lancaster Mk. II’s, however they returned to using Halifax bombers during the summer of 1944. Once the war in the European Theatre of Operations concluded, the squadron was equipped with Lancasters again and flew to Canada to prepare for the “Second Phase” of the war against the Japanese. The sudden termination of the Pacific War made the squadron unnecessary, which caused it to be disbanded in September of 1945.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

No. 415 (Swordfish) Squadron

 

Commanding Officers

W/C J. McNeill: 12 July 1944 – 21 August 1944
(KIFA)W/C J. Lecomte: 22 August 1944 – 30 October 1944
W/C F. Ball: 31 October 1944 – 15 May 1945

415 Squadron initially served as a torpedo-bombing unit and with Coastal Command. Formed at Thorney Island on 20th August, 1941, this squadron began flying Hampdens and later flew the Blenheim and Beaufort. During D-Day (6th June, 1944), 415 Squadron assisted in the invasion of Normandy by laying smokescreens to aid the Allied Naval Forces in their advance.

The squadron transferred to No. 6 (R.C.A.F.) Group of Bomber Command in July, 1944 and was based out of East Moor. The unit assumed a heavy bomber role when equipped with the Halifax at the same time. Hamburg was the target of the first operational mission as part of the Royal Canadian Air Force, where 15 Halifaxes bombed the area on the 28/29th July, 1944. The squadron regularly attacked strategic and tactical objectives across the Western Front for the remainder of the war.

 

Below the squadron crest, the motto reads “Ad Metam,” or “To the mark” in English. Aircraft carrying markings beginning with “6U” indicated the plane belonged to 415 Squadron.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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No. 6 Group RCAF was a group of Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) heavy bomber squadrons in Europe during the Second World War, between 1942 and 1945. The group operated out of airfields in Yorkshire, England.

No. 6 Group was a Royal Canadian Air Force formation, differing from the previous No. 6 Group RAF. In 1936, No. 1 (Air Defence) Group RAF, a group of auxiliary bomber squadrons formed in 1926, was renamed No. 6 (Auxiliary) Group. No. 6 (Auxiliary) Group was renamed No. 6 (Bomber) Group on 1 January 1939. No. 6 (Bomber) Group initially was an operational bomber group. The first bombing attack on the naval base at Wilhelmshaven was by Nos. 107 and 110 Squadrons from No. 6 (Bomber) Group RAF with Bristol Blenheim bombers on 4 September 1939. In the spring of 1940, that group became dedicated to controlling Bomber Command Operational Training Units providing three months training to new bomber crews and occasionally adding bombers to bomber streams. No. 6 (Bomber) Group RAF was renamed No. 91 (Bomber) Group RAF on 11 May 1942 and the 6 Group designation was transferred to the RCAF on 25 October 1942

No. 6 Group RCAF was made up of Article XV squadrons: RCAF units formed under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, for service with British operational formations; hence No. 6 Group was part of Royal Air Force (RAF) Bomber Command. However, a significant number of personnel from the RAF, Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) and other Allied air forces were attached to 6 Group during the war.

Formation

 

Aircrew and groundcrew of a No. 428 Squadron RCAF Lancaster bomber

Significant operations involving 6 Group included raids on U-boat bases in Lorient and Saint-Nazaire, France and night bombing raids on industrial complexes and urban centres in Germany.

The RCAF began participating in operations by RAF Bomber Command in 1941, but its squadrons were initially attached to RAF groups. In addition, many individual RCAF personnel belonged to RAF aircrews, in RAF squadrons. The Canadian government wanted RCAF bomber squadrons and personnel to be concentrated, as much as possible, in a distinct, identifiably Canadian group. To this end, 6 (RCAF) Group was formed on 25 October 1942 with eight squadrons.

At the peak of its strength, 6 Group consisted of 14 squadrons.Fifteen squadrons would eventually serve with the group, which was almost every RCAF heavy bomber squadron. Headquarters for 6 Group was at Allerton Park near Knaresborough and Harrogate in North Yorkshire.

Operations

No. 6 Group flew 40,822 operational sorties  A total of 814 aircraft  and approximately 5,700 airmen did not return from operations and 4,203  airmen lost their lives.

No. 6 Group was mainly formed from 4 Group, which was based primarily in Yorkshire. Once split, most of 6 Group`s airfields were north of York and most of 4 Group`s were south and east of the city. Like most other groups within RAF Bomber Command, the "base" system was used for station organization.

Four bases comprising 11 stations made up No. 6 Group. A base consisted of a main station, or headquarters, and a number of sub-stations. Late in 1943, Bomber Command bases were designated with a two-number identifier. The first number represented the group number, and the second number represented the base within that group. The first base within the group was the group's training base. No. 61 Base was therefore the training base for No. 6 Group. Each base was commanded by an air commodore, and each station was commanded by a group captain.

No. 61 BaseNo. 62 (Beaver) Base No. 63 Base No. 64 Base

RAF Topcliffe, Yorkshire (HQ)RAF Linton-on-Ouse, Yorkshire (HQ)RAF Leeming, Yorkshire (HQ)RAF Middleton St. George, County Durham (HQ)

RAF Dishforth, YorkshireRAF East Moor, YorkshireRAF Skipton-on-Swale, YorkshireRAF Croft, North Yorkshire

RAF Dalton, YorkshireRAF Tholthorpe, Yorkshire

RAF Wombleton, Yorkshire

Commanders

No. 6 Group's commanders were:[15]

  • 25 October 1942 to 28 February 1944 Air Vice-Marshal George Brookes with headquarters at Allerton Park, Yorkshire, England

  • 29 February 1944 to 13 July 1945 Air Vice-Marshal Clifford McEwen with headquarters at Allerton Park, Yorkshire, England

  • 14 July to 1 September 1945 Air Commodore John Kerr at Main Headquarters at Halifax, Nova Scotia

  • 14 July 45 to 1 September 1945 Air Commodore J L Hurley at Rear Headquarters, Allerton Park

 

Operational squadrons

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